Beyond Isolated Words: Diffusion Brush for Handwritten Text-Line Generation

Existing handwritten text generation methods primarily focus on isolated words. However, realistic handwritten text demands attention not only to individual words but also to the relationships between them, such as vertical alignment and horizontal spacing. Therefore, generating entire text line emerges as a more promising and comprehensive task. However, this task poses significant challenges, including the accurate modeling of complex style patterns—encompassing both intra- and inter-word relationships—and maintaining content accuracy across numerous characters. To address these challenges, we propose DiffBrush, a novel diffusion-based model for handwritten text-line generation. Unlike existing methods, DiffBrush excels in both style imitation and content accuracy through two key strategies: (1) content-decoupled style learning, which disentangles style from content to better capture intra-word and inter-word style patterns by using column- and row-wise masking; and (2) multi-scale content learning, which employs line and word discriminators to ensure global coherence and local accuracy of textual content. Extensive experiments show that DiffBrush excels in generating high-quality text-lines, particularly in style reproduction and content preservation. Our source code will be made publicly available.